Propelling or receiving fluid reaction machine especially applicable to aerial navigation.



G. DESEUS LES. PROPELLING 0R BEGEIVING FLUID REACTION MACHINE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO AERIAL NAVIGATION.

urmonmn FILED nu. 20,1913.

1 ,102 ;016, Patented June 30,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1. f

G. DESAULLE S. 4 PROPELLING OB RECEIVING FLUID REACTION MACHINE ESPEQIALLY APPLIGABLE T0 AERIAL NAVIGATION.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR.20, 1913.

l, 1 02,01 6, Patented June 30,1914.

G. DESAULLES. EAGTION MACHINE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO AERIAL PROPELLING OR RECEIVING FLUID R NAVIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20, 1913.

Patented June 30; 1914.

3" T E B H S or H1 .E E H 8 h 3 fi' I I o o o r I I M 5 e 3 H r Mm F w m N r we a To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonorqs Dreams,

a citizen of the Confederation of Helvetia, and residing at 21 Rue Georges Sand, in; v the city of Paris, France, engineer, have'i'ni vented a Propelling or Receiving Fluid Re- UNITED STATES PAT Em OFFICE.

Gnomes nnsxonnns, or rams, mama.

rnornnnme on naom'vme rnurn mono usoiama asrjacrmn-nrrmcanm f gro seam naviearrou f action Machine Especially Applicable to is a full clear, and exact descriptiom Actua ly most of the machines utilizing the laws of the movement and resistance of the fluids for converting mechanical work into locomotion or into displacement of fluids, often have a small output, whether propelling devices, fans or motors are concerned. Especially in aerial navigation for instance, the form and means of action of the propelling der 5 do not answer Very well to the requirement for stability and security, which is sought for.

The present invention has for its object a-device for obtaining in the, above mentioned transformations of work a better uti lization and, especially in the case of aerial navigation, to re to the device more powerful means 0 action, a greater stability and, consequently, a more extended sphere of action.

Propelling apparatus have already been devised in which the active elements come,

' during the working or active period, in the mum resisting required position-so as to ive the maximum useful efiect and, during tie inactive period, in the position which necessitates the ministress. But in the known de vices, these e ements are moved to their position under the controlled action of me chanical members.

In the present invention','it is the forces generated by the very movement of the machine, reaction of the fluids, under the influence of the s eed and centrifugal force which place t e elements in their most advantageous position either for supplying or generating work or for offering the m1n1- mum resistance to the movement. 7

In the accompanying drawings: Figures 1 to 4 are diagrammatic views serving to explain the principle of the invention; Fig. 5 shows diagrammatically in side view the present type of apparatus; Fig. 6 illustrates the same apparatus in another position; Figs. 7 to 9 show'a mode of execution Application fled larch 20.1913; 8erla1No.755,66r

" j of said apparatus; Figs. '7 and are two cross'sections show'in the apparatus in two different positions; ig. 9 is a general elevation, partlybroken away. i

tsp eoiflcaflonof netters Patent. 3Q, 1914, I

The present type of a paratus is con structed according to the ollowing' consid- -.erations:- Say a surface A (Fig. 1) of de-- Aerial Navigation, of which the following.

termi-necl shape, 'forinstancea curved rectangle, sus ended by-two of its sides and at determine points of its width a a, can rotate freely about these oints which are connected by two rigid ro s a 11 a b to a fixed axisb b For simplifying the demonstration, the surface or plate is illustrated hereafter by its profile A, the axis of rotation a" a by the point-a, the fixed axis 6 12 by the point 5 and" the two rods a 5, a Why the line a b (Fig. 2) This plate bein exposed to a stream of'air of determine -intensity and direction illustrated by the arr0w c ,-1t will take in the space a certain setting so as to *make "with the direction of 0 a determined angle a. If instead of bein held fixed, it is on the contrary supposed t at the plate A is given a peculiar movement, for instance a continuous gyration about an axis 12 through the medium of therod a b and in the direction .of the arrow '9 (Fig. 3), it will take of'itself a setting corresponding to the mini- ,mum resistance to the reactions of the air produced by the eliect of the relative speeds of the air and of the plate and the result ant of which is illustrated by the arrow h and will tend to cause rotation of the plate about the axis b.

If the plate A is accompanied b an abutment d (Fig. 4') it will be stopped in its rotary motion about itssuspension axis a, at the moment when, under the eflect of the reactions of the air, its setting will have plate. Being no longer held, said plate will pivot about its suspension axis a and the same cycle will be produced at each revolution the plate will make about the axis of rotation b.

The thrust due to the resistance opposed by the air to the movement of the plate stopped by the abutment is, for a form of plate suitably chosen, sensibly at right angles to the plane of the abutment and nearly constant in intensity. This thrust is transmitted by the rod a b to the axis b which becomes the seat of a traction and it may be understood that the system of which it would constitute a part and to which it would be connected, can be impelled or moved in space by this traction. The plate A will act .in this case as a kind of wing, by

resting or pressing upon the air with variable incidences, for .producing during the active period of its displacement a traction directed in a direction determined by the position of the abutment andmoving about its axis of suspension during the inactive period to such a position that it opposes to the air only the minimum resistance, these two periods succeeding alternately one another and in a continuous manner. By arranging abont one and the same axis several plates having with a common movement about said axis and each provided with an adjustable abutment, a traction can be generatcd which is not only constant in direction but also in intensity and can be directed at will in a determined direction by the position of its abutment. Thisarrangement,,utilizing a propert of the action of the air upon movable sur aces, can serve for obtaining a propellin driving or air displacing apparatus. Barticularly, by mechanically putting into practice the cycle just described, it will be possible to'produce a propelling apparatus and Fig. 5 illustrates diagrammatically, by way of example, a means of realization of an apparatus comprising six plates B, B B B B, B symmetrically arranged about an axis projected at C and by means of which said lates can receive a common movement 0 rotation while being capable of rotating themselves about their axes of suspension KQK, K K K, K which are rigidly connected to the central axis G either by arms, or by a disk, rigidly mounted on said axis and which are not illustrated in the drawings. On the other hand, abutments I, 1 I 1, lb, 1* are arranged so as to be able to rotate also about axes K to K The abutments correspond to hearing members m, m m m m, m secured to the plates so as to be able to press upon the abutments which are connected by trnnnions at, W, 71- 725, n, n and arms 0, 0 0 0 0, 0 to central hub p. The latter rotates on a pivot q, fitted in one of the arms of member r having the shape of a crank and which can loosely rotate on the shaft 0 driving the plates in its movement of rotation. The second arm of the member 1' is provided with a pivot s on which is mounted an operating rod 25, through the medium of which it is possible to modify at will the position of the crank r and to hold it in a determined position without stopping the rotary movement of the axis C. This operation may be controlled by hand by the pilot of the apparatus either directly or through the medium (if any mechanical operating device, actuated by the motor which imparts the rotary movement to the apparatus, or also by an automatic steering device. In the example chosen and for simplifying the demonstration, the setting is given integrally and simultaneously to all the abutments together, but each abutment can be provided with an independent opcrating device, so as to be able to give to each of the plates a certain setting at a determined point of its travel, in view of applications for which this would be recognized necessary or advantageous. The apparatus described being at rest and the crank r placed and held so as to maintain the abutments I to I in the nearly horizontal position of Fig. 5, if a movement of rotation is imparted to the shaft C in the direction of the arrow u, the plates will take positions such as B, B B B B In the case considered, the speed of the relative displacement of the air and of the plates is directed according to the tangent to the circumference described in the space by a point of the latter. The plate B has freely set itself according to the angle which corresponds to its minimum resistance, as above set forth, under the influence of its speed, shape and weight, which may be supposed negligible relatively to the other forces to which it obeys. The plate B which obeys the same law has come little by little nearer to the abutment I with which it comes into contact at last when it occupies the position B From this moment its rotation about its axis of suspension ceases, but it continues to be driven by the shaft O and by reason of its setting, which now remains constantit makes with the direction of the speed of its move-.- ment about C an angle which goes on increasing. Consequently, from the moment the plate has come into contact with the abutment, the air opposes to it a resistance which increases very rapidly and causes a pressure the resultant of which is exerted upon its axes of suspension and which remains sensibly constant and perpendicular to the direction of the abutment. that is to say, in the case under consideration, nearly vertical. This state of things lasts until the direction of the speed of the plate being then nearly horizontal, the pressure of the air will act upon its opposite face by causing it to rock about its suspension axis and by releasing it from its abutment. This will happen at the moment the plate will occupya position adjacent to B Said plate will pivot between the posit-ions B and B and will take again the setting corresponding to its least resistance, until, in the course of its movement about the shaft C and under the command of the forces acting upon it and to which it can freely obey, it will have moved toward the abutment and pressed on the same and where the. cycle described will recommence.

By a judicious choice of the shape of the plate, its center of gravity can be so placed that the resultant of the forces generated by the movements of the plates contributes: 1st to hold the plate pressed on its abutment during the active phase and 2d to release it from its abutment and to set it in its direction of least resistance during the inactive period.

The six plates B, B B B B, B ass successively inthese two situations a ter-- nately active and inactive, and there results therefrom a continuous traction which is transmitted to the shaft C by means of the rigid connection of the suspension axes of the plates with said shaft. In the particular case under consideration, this traction is directed vertically and upwardly. Its intensity depends on the speed and on the surface of the plates in action and it may be considered as directly proportional to these two factors.

The propelling device thus described being supposed placed on a system of supporting and steering planes, will take with it an ascensional movement through the effect of the vertical traction directed upwardly and determined by the resistance of the air on the plates in movement. If then, and without stopping the apparatus, the operating rod t s gaated upon and the crank 1" caused to rott'ltea bout the shaft 0 for bringing it in the positionillustrated in Fig. 6, the abutments I and I will take an inclined direction through the effect of the traction exerted upon the same through the medium of the arms 0 to 0 thus determining a new setting of the plates during the active phase and, consequently, a new direction of the thrust on their axes. The whole of the system can then take, under its action, a new direction in the space.

The apparatus which has just been described possesses the main following advantages:

lst.'The active member, the plate, is arranged in such a manner as to be capable of placing itself, during the period of work, in such a position as to always give the maxinnnnnseful client and to be capable, at the moment its eti'cct becomes null, of setting itself in the position which necessitates the 'work or operate in this case for slowin down the descent.

minimum resistin stress. The result is a very good utilization of the work.

2d. It permits iving at any moment to the force produce the most advantageous direction in view of the effect to'be obtained and without sacrificing the output.

3d. It possesses inherent stability which is the consequence of its conception and mode of operation by means of plates bearing or resting on the air. Considered as an aerial propelling device it will cooperate to produce general stability of any apparatus to which it will be adapted. By means of an adjusting device within reach of the pilot, it will-be able to produce at will its entire force for the vertical ascent, or for traveling diagonally under any angle, or for traveling horizontally; the setting of the plates can, in each particular case, be given for the obtention of the full output. It will always be possible to put in agreement the direction of the stress given by the propelling device with that given by the rudders of the apparatus, which will allow more rapid evolutions and greater security.

4th. By coupling two devices on one and the same apparatus and by animating them with speeds in reverse direction, it will be understood that, by setting their plates so that the thrusts which are exerted upon the same combat the effects of the gravity and of the wind and that the horizontal result- .ants be equal and of reverse direction, it is posslble to hover over a sp The very high useful effect of the plates of the propelling device will permit obtaining with a motive power even limited to the powers actually in use, an ascensional force sufficiently high for being able to rise vertically, either from the ground or from the surface of the water, and to consider the lifting or carrying of heavier weights and of imore powerful aerial machines than up to now. Also the landing can be effected vertically by a suitable setting of the plates of the propelling device which will be able to (Y If the apparatus is prd vided with two propelling devices capable if necessary of rotating in reverse direction, the pilot will have still more complete control than what has been stated above.

Figs. 7 to 9 illustrate the mechanical realization of an aerial propelling device based on the preceding principles. This propelling device comprises two series of six plates B placed on the right and left of the motor. These plates may be made either of wood or of sheet aluminium or any other suitable metal or alloy. They are securely attached to the enlarged parts of the pivots a. which can rotate freely in boxes I). The pivots are each provided with a cam shaped stop m which can press on the abutment I arranged inside the box. The boxes can thus rotate in rin s hub p through the medium of an device with its abutment-s c symmetrically mounted in the two plates D arranged at the right and lett side of the motor M on the shaft 0 to which they are keyed and which imparts to them its movement of rotation. Eachbox is rovided with a crank pin a through W ich they are maintained in an invariable setting, during their actuation by the .disks, by means of a member 0 having the shapeof a six branch star extending radially about the which constitutes an eccentric strap and can loosely rotate on the disk '1 the latter being also loosely mounted on the shaft C. 1

The disk r is provided with an operating stud e by means of which it will be possible, operating device (which is not illustrated), to vary the sets tin the boxes b and abutments all together Fig. 7 is an end view of thepropelling held horizontally. Fig. 8 illustrates the samepropelling device with its abutments vertically adjusted; Fig. 9 is a lon 'tudinal vertical section-of the whole of t e motor and ot itstwo plates each carrying'six wings and arranged one at the right side and the other at the :le'ft side of the motor.- 'lhat at thQJtQft sidebar responds to Fig. '1 and that at. the'right. side to Fig. 8,vv Fig. 9 shows, as Figs; TandlB,

the relative position of the pivots with the stops,the boxes with their abutments, thecrank pins,

to obtain very eflicient steering-efl'ects.

' the position of rest, means for the eccentric strap, "and the disk with its opera-hug stud for the setting to be given to, the plates. By examining these. figures, it" will be understood that-it is thus possible to give to the abutments and, oonse-- quently, also. tothe stress-producedi'by the movement of theplates, any intermediate direction between the horizontal and; the vertical and that this adjustment can be etfected without stopping the motor.

. ,By' combining the. steering control with those of the ruddersand of the warping of the wings .simultanously, it will be possible i The motor may be mounted on a framethrough the medium of a vertical trunnion 13 allowing it to take a setting in one direc tion or the other; The frame may also bel mounted on a horizontal axis allowing it to take also a certain inclination- This machine realizes in its action the that of the fly by means wings similar to that flight resembling or" a whirling of the Claims: l; A propelling or receiving fluid reaction machine, especially applicable to aerial navigation, comprising elements arranged in. a circle, axes about which said elements can freely rotate, for causing the latter to'place themselves in theworking position and in of the disk and, conse uently,.thatof actuating theigioaoie elements in a continuous gyral motion about the center of the said circle, and adjustable abutments for stppping the active'elements ina given.- position so that the air opposes to these elements a resistance creating a thrust tending to move the machine in a determined direction.

2. A propellingor receiving fluid reaction machine-especially applicable to aerial navigatiom-comprising plates arranged in a circle, axes about which said platescan freely rotate for causing the latter to place themselves freely in the WOI'klIL position or in the position of rest under t e action? of the reactions ofthe air and ot'the speed of the machine, means for actuating-the plates in'ia continuous gyral motion about the center of'tlie said circle, abutments for stopping 'theactive'plates in a given position, and means for adjusting the position of' the abutmentswithoutstopping-the gyration of the plates.

tion'machine, especially a plicable to aerial navigatiomhcomprising .p ates arranged'in a circle, axesabout which said plates can freely rotate for causing the latter to place themselves inhthe position of rest under t e action of 1 theereactions of'the air and of the speed of [the machine, means for actuating'the plates ,te'r ot the said circle, abutments hin' edon 1 ter in -adetermined osition, means for'congnectingr-all .these a utments to a common z-axis eccentricrelativel to the'gy'ration axis, and other-means for isplaoing the axis of gthe -alnitments. Ff 1 n propelling or receiving'thiid reac- Etion machinae'specially circle, movable axes for the"; boxes receiving said axes, dis rs,"sleeves" cars 3 ried bythe'disks and receiving said 1 shaft on which are secured the said dislrs,

I gabutments "for stopping-the active plates in "a given position, and means lor'adjusting .ping the jgyralmotion otthe'platesi;

'3tion "machine, especially a inavigation, compr sing p ia cirzileafrriovable axes ;able boxes receiving said axes, a era @tate, a central shaft on which are mounted the disks,a motor for actuating said shaft, 'abutments for stoppingthe active plates in a given position, and meanslor adjusting the position of the abutments without stop" 'ping the gyral motion of the plates. e;

tion machine, especially applicable't/o aerial 3. A. propelling or" receiving zfluid reacthe'positionof the abutmentsvvithoutstop 11,5 d propelling or receiving fluid reacplica -ble to aerial atesarranged in for the "plates; 'rnov pin lintegralmvith each box, disks, sleeves-carried iby'tli'e-idisksand in which the boxesican ro- 6. A propelling or receiving fluid reamfreely in the Workin position or i ina. continuous gyral motionabout the centheiiaais ct -the plates for stopping't e latp applicable to aerial- 5 nav1gation',*compr1sing plates arranged in a" lama-movable the navigation, comprising plates arranged in a circle, movable axesfor the plates, a boss longitudinally arranged on each axis, movable boxes receiving said axes, an abutment for the boss of the axis, arranged within each box, a crank integral with the latter, disks, sleeves in whichcan rotate the boxes carried by the disks, a central shaft on which are mounted said disks, an eccentric capable of loosely rotating on said shaft, a strap surrounding said eccentric, arms 1n- Ategral with said strap, connected at their end with the crank pins of the boxes receiving the axes of the plates, and means for rotating the eccentric.

7. A propelling or receiving fluid reaction machine, especially applicable to aerial navigation, comprising plates arranged in a circle, movable axes for the plates, a boss longitudinally arranged on each axis, movable boxes receiving said axes, an abutment for the boss of the axis, arranged within each box, a crank integral with the latter, disks, sleeves in which can rotate theboxes carried by the disks, a central shaft on which are mounted saiddisks, an eccentric capable of loosely rotating on said shaft, a strap surrounding said eccentric, arms integral with said strap, connected at their end with the crank pins of the boxes receiving the axes of the plates, a stud mounted on the eccentric and connected to an operating device for rotating the eccentric and modifying the position of the abutments of the boxes.

'8. A propelling or receiving fluid reaction machine, especially applicable to aerial navigation, comprising a motor, a shaft actuated by said motor, metal disks, one placed on each side of the motor, sleeves integral with said disks, boxes capable of rotating in said sleeves and each provided with an inner abutment and an outer crank, an axis provided with a boss fitted in each box, a plate carried by said axis, an eccentric capable of loosely rotating on the central shaft at each side of the motor, a strap surrounding said eccentric, arms integral with said strap and connected to the crank pins of the boxes receiving the axes of the hinged plates, means for modifying the position of the abutments of the box, a joint for causing the machine to rotate on itself and another joint for laterally inclining the machine. I

The foregoing specification of my propelling or receiving fluid reaction machine, especially applicable to aerial navigation, signed by me this seventh day of March,

GEORGES DESAULLES. Witnesses i LUCIEN MEMMINGER, Ram: THIRIOT. 

